Neha BaruahThe National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) is a crucial institution in India’s wildlife conservation efforts. Recently, the board convened at Gir National Park, Gujarat, marking a significant moment in reviewing various flagship wildlife initiatives. The meeting saw the introduction of new conservation programs for gharials and the Great Indian Bustard while also discussing expansions for Project Cheetah and Project Lion. Notably, this was the first full-body meeting since 2012, highlighting a considerable gap in high-level deliberations.
Formation and Structure
Established in 2003 through amendments to the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, the NBWL evolved from the Indian Board for Wildlife (1952) with the goal of enhancing its regulatory scope. The board operates as a statutory body responsible for formulating wildlife policies, conservation strategies, and recommendations for national parks and sanctuaries.
NBWL comprises 47 members, including:
- Prime Minister (Chairperson)
- Union Environment Minister (Vice-Chairperson)
- Representatives from military leadership, government secretaries, MPs, and conservation experts
Key Functions and Responsibilities
The NBWL plays a pivotal role in framing wildlife policies and overseeing conservation efforts. Its standing committee evaluates projects impacting forest lands and protected areas. While its recommendations are influential, the Ministry of Environment retains the authority to override them. This framework aims to strike a balance between development needs and ecological preservation.
Challenges and Controversies of National Board for Wildlife
Despite its significant role, the NBWL has been criticized for approving development projects in ecologically sensitive areas. Some controversial approvals include:
- Ken-Betwa River Linking Project
- Oil exploration in Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary
- Denotification of Galathea Bay Sanctuary, raising concerns about endangered species protection
These decisions have sparked protests from conservationists, who argue that such approvals threaten biodiversity.
Historical Context
The NBWL traces its origins to the Indian Board for Wildlife (1952), which was formed to address declining wildlife populations. Over the years, it played a crucial role in shaping conservation policies, with leaders like Indira Gandhi significantly influencing wildlife protection efforts. The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, was a landmark legislation that banned hunting and regulated wildlife trade. Since then, the board has undergone multiple reconstitutions, adapting to evolving conservation challenges.
Recent Developments
The 2014 reconstitution of the NBWL led to allegations of diluting its powers, with a reduction in non-governmental members. Critics argue that this change has weakened the representation of conservation experts in key decision-making processes. However, the recent meeting in Gir National Park signals a renewed emphasis on wildlife conservation, even as debates over development versus ecological preservation continue to shape its future direction.
Neha Baruah
