Umananda Temple: Experience Divine Serenity on Peacock Islan

Situated on the serene Peacock Island in the Brahmaputra River, Umananda Temple stands directly opposite the well-known Kachari Ghat in Guwahati, Assam. This revered Shiva temple was originally constructed by the renowned Ahom King Gadadhar Singha (1681-1696), the husband of Sati Joymati, a devoted follower of Shaivism. The temple suffered significant damage during the devastating earthquake of 1897, but it was later restored by a wealthy local merchant who adorned its interior with Vaishnavite inscriptions.

In Assamese, “Uma” refers to the Hindu goddess Parvati, Shiva’s consort, while “ananda” means happiness. Umananda Temple, which is located on the world’s smallest inhabited riverine island, is one of the most visited temples in Assam dedicated to Lord Shiva.

According to the ancient Hindu text Kalika Purana, Lord Shiva is believed to have dwelled here in the form of Bhayananda. At the dawn of creation, Shiva is said to have scattered ashes (bhasma) at this location and imparted wisdom to Parvati. Legend has it that Kamadeva, the god of love, disrupted Shiva’s meditation on this hillock, leading to Kamadeva being incinerated by Shiva’s fiery wrath. Consequently, the hillock was named Bhasmacala.

This hill is also known as Bhasmakuta. The Kalika Purana mentions that Urvasikunda is located here, and it is believed that the goddess Urvasi, who brings Amrit (nectar) for Kamakhya’s pleasure, resides on this island, hence giving it the name Urvasi Island. Worship at this temple on Amavasya (the new moon day) that falls on a Monday is said to bring supreme joy. The temple hosts the vibrant Shiva Chaturdasi festival annually, attracting many devotees who come to worship the deity. Maha Shivaratri is also celebrated with great enthusiasm at Umananda, with Monday being considered the most sacred day for worship.

To visit Umananda Temple, one must cross the river by boat. Ferries and steamers are available from Guwahati and North Guwahati, with boat services departing from Kachari Ghat. Additionally, a ferry service operates daily from 7 am to 5 pm, and boats can be hired from Sukleshwar Ghat or Fancy Bazar Ghat. During the Hindu festival of Shivaratri, devotees from across Assam and other parts of India flock to this temple. The island is also home to the rare golden langur.

Historical Background

Origins and Construction

The Umananda Temple, nestled on the serene Peacock Island, has a captivating history that dates back to 1694 CE. It was commissioned by King Gadadhar Singha, who envisioned a sacred abode for Lord Shiva. The temple’s architecture reflects a harmonious blend of early medieval and post-Gupta styles.

However, fate dealt a blow in 1867 when a devastating earthquake struck Assam. The temple suffered significant damage during this natural calamity, but its resilience prevailed. Today, it stands as a testament to devotion, survival, and architectural ingenuity.

Architectural Features

1. Stone Sculptures and Carvings

• Intricate Details:
  • The temple’s exterior and interior are adorned with meticulously crafted stone sculptures.
  • Elaborate floral motifs, celestial beings, and mythological figures grace the walls.
• Divine Depictions:
  • Look for depictions of Lord Shiva, Parvati, and other deities in various poses.
  • The carvings narrate stories from Hindu mythology, inviting devotees into their sacred world.

2. Achaturbhuja Female Figure

• Unique Iconography:
  • The temple houses a rare Achaturbhuja (four-armed) female figure.
  • She embodies grace, strength, and fertility, symbolizing the divine feminine.
• Spiritual Significance:
  • Devotees seek blessings from this enigmatic goddess, connecting with her multifaceted energy.

3. Architectural Fusion

• Early Medieval and Post-Gupta Styles:
  • Observe the fusion of architectural elements from different eras.
  • The temple seamlessly blends early medieval features (such as the shikhara) with post-Gupta influences (intricate carvings).

Legends and Myths

1. Bhayananda and Bhasmacala

• Siva Residing as Bhayananda:
  • According to local folklore, Lord Shiva chose the Umananda Temple as his abode, assuming the form of Bhayananda.
  • Devotees believe that Bhayananda grants protection and dispels fear, making the temple a sanctuary for seekers.
• Kamadeva’s Fiery Fate:
  • Another captivating tale revolves around Kamadeva, the god of love.
  • When Kamadeva disrupted Shiva’s meditation, the deity’s wrathful third eye incinerated Kamadeva into ashes.
  • The hillock where the temple stands was henceforth known as Bhasmacala (literally “the hill of ashes”).

2. Urvasi Island

• Urvasikunda and the Goddess Urvasi:
  • The island’s name, “Urvasi,” draws from the celestial nymph Urvasi.
  • Urvasikunda, a sacred pond on the island, is associated with her.
  • Legend has it that Urvasi, enchanted by the serene surroundings, frequented this spot during her earthly sojourn.

3. Divine Connection

• Urvasi’s Blessings:
  • Devotees believe that Urvasi’s divine energy permeates the island.
  • Seeking her blessings here is considered auspicious for love, creativity, and artistic endeavors.
• Nature’s Harmony:
  • The intertwining of myth and nature creates a harmonious atmosphere, where the divine and the earthly coexist.

The Deity: Umananda

1. Name and Meaning

• Uma and Ananda: The name “Umananda” is a beautiful fusion of two Sanskrit words:
  • Uma: Refers to Parvati, the consort of Lord Shiva.
  • Ananda: Signifies happiness or bliss.

Thus, Umananda represents the blissful union of Shiva and Parvati.

2. Dedication to Lord Shiva

• Shiva’s Abode:
  • The Umananda Temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, the destroyer and transformer in Hindu mythology.
  • Devotees believe that Shiva resides here as Bhayananda, bestowing protection and solace upon seekers.
• Spiritual Significance:
  • Pilgrims visit the temple to seek blessings, inner peace, and spiritual awakening.
  • The serene ambiance amplifies the connection with the divine.

3. Spiritual Bliss

• Amavasya and Mondays:
  • A unique belief surrounds worship at Umananda Temple:
    • Performing rituals on Amavasya (new moon) falling on a Monday is considered especially auspicious.
    • It is believed to bring the highest spiritual bliss and fulfillment.
• Impact of Serene Surroundings:
  • The temple’s location on Peacock Island, surrounded by the Brahmaputra River, creates an ethereal atmosphere.
  • The gentle rustling of leaves, the river’s flow, and the temple’s ancient stones evoke a sense of calm and devotion.
  • Devotees find solace, meditate, and connect with their inner selves amidst this natural beauty.

Festivals and Celebrations

Siva Chaturdasi: A Colorful Annual Festival

• Siva Chaturdasi, celebrated with fervor, is the most vibrant festival at Umananda Temple.
• Devotees flock to the temple during this occasion to worship the deity.
• Rituals include abhishekam (sacred bathing) of the Shiva Linga, chanting of hymns, and offering of flowers and fruits.
• The temple premises come alive with colorful decorations, incense, and the rhythmic beats of traditional music.
• It’s believed that worshiping here on Amavasya (new moon) falling on a Monday brings the highest bliss.

Other Occasions

• Besides Siva Chaturdasi, the temple hosts various other festivals and special events.
• These occasions provide an opportunity for devotees to connect with the divine and immerse themselves in the spiritual ambiance.
• The surroundings of the temple, combined with the island’s natural beauty, make it a haven for nature lovers and seekers of inner peace.

Natural Beauty and Island Charm

Lush Greenery and Tranquility

• As you step onto Peacock Island, you’re enveloped by a lush green canopy. The island is a botanical haven, with dense foliage, tropical trees, and vibrant shrubs.
• The air carries the sweet scent of blooming flowers, and the rustling leaves create a soothing melody.
• Sunlight filters through the leaves, dappling the pathways and creating a serene ambiance.
• It’s a place where time seems to slow down, inviting contemplation and inner peace.

River Views and Serene Waters

• The island is cradled by the mighty Brahmaputra River, which flows around it like a protective embrace.
• From various vantage points, you can gaze upon the river’s expanse—the water stretching wide, reflecting the sky’s hues.
• The Brahmaputra’s currents ripple gently against the island’s edges, creating a mesmerizing dance of light and shadow.
• At sunrise and sunset, the river transforms into a canvas of gold and crimson, captivating all who witness it.

Boat Rides to Umananda Temple

• To reach Umananda Temple, visitors embark on a short boat ride from the Brahmaputra’s bank.
• The wooden boats, adorned with colorful motifs, ferry pilgrims and tourists alike.
• As you glide across the water, the temple’s white spire comes into view, nestled amidst the greenery.
• The gentle rocking of the boat adds to the sense of adventure and anticipation.
• It’s a journey that connects you not only physically but also spiritually—with each ripple, you draw closer to the divine abode.

Practical Information

Country Boats and Ferries

• Peacock Island, where Umananda Temple stands, is accessible via country boats and ferries.
• Visitors can hire country boats from the banks of the Brahmaputra River in Guwahati.
• These boats offer a scenic ride across the river, allowing you to soak in the natural beauty and tranquility.
• The most common ghat for ferries to Umananda Temple is Kachari Ghat, near Uzan Bazaar in Guwahati.
• There are two main ferry options:
  • Government Ferries: Operated by the Inland Waterways Transport (IWT) Department, these are budget-friendly options (around ₹40 per person for a return trip). However, their timings are limited.
  • Private Ferries: Private ferries offer more flexibility in timings (starting earlier and running later), but they are significantly more expensive (ranging from ₹300 to ₹800 for a return trip)

FAQ’s