Asik SyedSignet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is an uncommon and highly aggressive type of cancer, most often found in the gastrointestinal system—especially the stomach. It gets its name from the distinctive appearance of its cells, which resemble signet rings under the microscope. Though technically a subtype of adenocarcinoma, SRCC is particularly hard to treat due to its rapid spread and strong tendency to metastasise, particularly to the peritoneum.
Epidemiology and Geographic Trends of Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma
SRCC is classified under colorectal cancer (CRC), but it stands out for its aggressive nature. Globally, SRCC makes up just about 1% of CRC cases. However, in India—especially in central and northern regions—it appears more frequently and tends to affect younger individuals more than elsewhere. This regional pattern raises important public health concerns.
Diagnostic Hurdles
One of the biggest challenges with SRCC is timely diagnosis. Because it often presents symptoms only in later stages, many patients are diagnosed when the disease is already advanced. This limits treatment options and lowers survival chances. Its tendency to invade the peritoneal cavity further complicates treatment, making it harder to manage effectively.
Innovations in SRCC Research
Cutting-edge research has led to the creation of new models to better understand SRCC. Scientists have developed patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs)—lab-grown models that closely replicate actual SRCC tumors. These tools allow researchers to study the cancer in a more realistic and detailed way.
Uncovering Treatment Opportunities
By investigating these PDO and PDX models, researchers have pinpointed key molecular characteristics that explain why SRCC is often resistant to standard chemotherapy. Importantly, they’ve discovered certain vulnerabilities that could be targeted using new drug strategies. One notable breakthrough is a three-drug combination that has shown significant potential to shrink tumors and stop their spread in preclinical tests.
What Lies Ahead
These findings pave the way for the next phase: clinical trials. Phase 1 trials will be critical in evaluating whether these new drug combinations are safe and effective in humans. If successful, this research could mark a major turning point in how SRCC is treated—offering renewed hope for patients facing this aggressive disease.
Neha Baruah
