Neha BaruahThe Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park in Darjeeling has made history by establishing India’s first frozen zoo. This groundbreaking facility is dedicated to safeguarding the genetic material of endangered Himalayan species, ensuring their survival for future generations. In collaboration with the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) in Hyderabad, the zoo will store DNA samples at an ultra-low temperature of -196°C using liquid nitrogen. This conservation effort focuses on species like red pandas and snow leopards, which face the threat of extinction.
About India’s First Frozen Zoo
A frozen zoo is a specialized genetic cryobank designed to preserve DNA, sperm, eggs, and embryos from endangered species. The primary goal is to protect genetic diversity, offering hope for species at risk of disappearing. By maintaining these biological materials at extremely low temperatures, their viability is preserved for future use in conservation programs.
How Genetic Material is Preserved
- Tissue samples are collected from both wild and captive animals.
- Samples are also obtained from animals that die naturally or in accidents.
- A dedicated laboratory at the zoo ensures proper processing and storage.
- Initial storage occurs at -20°C, followed by long-term preservation at -196°C.
- This initiative began in July of last year and continues to expand.
Potential for Future Conservation Efforts
The genetic material stored in the frozen zoo can play a key role in breeding programs. Scientists can utilize advanced reproductive techniques such as:
- Artificial Insemination (AI)
- Embryo Transfer (ET)
- In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
- Surrogate motherhood for species restoration
As natural habitats shrink and climate change disrupts ecosystems, these technologies become vital for species survival and revival.
Frozen Zoos Around the World
The concept of frozen zoos is rare, with fewer than a dozen existing globally. The first was founded in 1975 by Kurt Benirschke at the Institute for Conservation Research in San Diego. Today, it holds over 8,400 samples from 800 species. A milestone was achieved in 1999 when a frozen embryo was successfully transferred between species. At the Audubon Institute, an African wildcat kitten named Jazz was born to a domestic tabby cat, proving the effectiveness of genetic preservation.
Why Genetic Conservation Matters
The frozen zoo in Darjeeling is a crucial step in wildlife conservation. By preserving the genetic blueprint of endangered species like red pandas and snow leopards, scientists hope to one day restore them to their natural habitats. This initiative highlights the importance of genetic conservation in combating environmental threats and biodiversity loss.
With this innovative approach, India takes a bold step in global conservation efforts, ensuring that future generations can continue to witness the beauty of Himalayan wildlife.
Neha Baruah
