MadhurjyaIntroduction
Bir Chilarai, one of Assam’s greatest warriors, was a fearless general from the Koch dynasty who played a crucial role in expanding the kingdom of his elder brother, Maharaja Nara Narayan. Despite his exceptional military skills and strategic brilliance, Indian history often overlooks his contributions. In this blog, we will uncover the inspiring story of Bir Chilarai, his achievements, and his lasting legacy.
Early Life and Background
Bir Chilarai was born in 1510 AD as Shukladhwaj, the younger brother of King Nara Narayan of the Kamata kingdom. He was the third son of Maharaja Viswa Simha, the founder of the Koch dynasty, and Queen Padmavati from the Gaur region. His fair complexion earned him the name Shukladhwaj (Shukla means white or fair).
Education and Training
Shukladhwaj, along with his elder brother Malla Dev (later Nara Narayan), received higher education in Varanasi, where they studied Sanskrit, grammar, literature, law, and astrology. In addition to academics, they mastered warfare techniques and military strategies, preparing them for future conquests.
Why Was He Called ‘Chilarai’?
The name Chilarai (meaning ‘Kite Prince’) was given to him because of his incredible speed and agility in battle. His movements were swift, like a kite (chila) soaring in the sky, striking enemies with precision.
Role in Expanding the Koch Kingdom
Conquest of Ahom Kingdom
One of Chilarai’s most remarkable victories was against the Ahom kingdom. In June 1563, leading the Koch army, he crossed the Brahmaputra River and launched an attack on Gargaon, the capital of the Ahoms. His strategic military planning forced the Ahom king to flee, resulting in a major victory for the Koch dynasty. However, after this battle, a peace treaty was signed between Nara Narayan and the Ahom ruler.
Victories Over Neighboring Kingdoms
With Chilarai’s military genius, the Koch kingdom expanded rapidly. His notable conquests include:
- Cachar: The king was defeated, and the region was brought under Koch rule.
- Manipur: The Manipuri king surrendered without a fight, acknowledging Nara Narayan’s power.
- Tripura, Sylhet, and Jayantia: Chilarai led successful campaigns, defeating the rulers.
- Khairam and Dimoriya: These states surrendered voluntarily, strengthening the Koch empire.
His victories ensured that Maharaja Nara Narayan ruled over a vast and prosperous kingdom, with numerous smaller states paying tribute.
The Battle Against Soleman Karnani and Capture by Kalapahar
In 1568 AD, Nara Narayan and Chilarai launched a campaign against Soleman Karnani, the Afghan ruler of Gour. However, the Afghan commander Kalapahar launched a counterattack, capturing Chilarai. During this time, the Afghan army destroyed many temples, including the Kamakhya Temple in Guwahati.
After his release, Chilarai and Nara Narayan rebuilt the Kamakhya Temple and continued their patronage of the Vaishnavite movement led by Srimanta Sankardeva.
The Final Campaign and Tragic End
In 1577 AD, Nara Narayan allied with Mughal Emperor Akbar to invade Gour again. Chilarai led the successful capture of Ghoraghat, securing the region. However, during this campaign, he contracted smallpox and passed away on the banks of the Ganga River. His untimely death marked the end of a glorious era for the Koch dynasty.
Division of the Koch Kingdom
After Chilarai’s death, Nara Narayan divided the Koch kingdom into two parts:
- Koch Bihar: Ruled by Nara Narayan.
- Koch Hajo: Given to Raghudev, Chilarai’s son.
This division eventually weakened the kingdom, leading to its decline.
Chilarai’s Contribution to Assamese Culture and Society
Apart from being a warrior, Chilarai also played a significant role in protecting and promoting Assamese culture:
- He provided shelter to Srimanta Sankardeva, the saint who pioneered Neo-Vaishnavism in Assam.
- His family’s support ensured the spread of the Bhakti movement.
- His victories helped maintain the political and cultural integrity of the region.
Legacy and Recognition
Chilarai’s bravery and achievements have been recognized by the Assamese government:
- Bir Chilarai Divas: Celebrated annually in Assam to honor his legacy.
- Bir Chilarai Award: The highest award for bravery given by the Assam government.
- Statues and Memorials: Several places in Assam commemorate his contributions.
Conclusion
Bir Chilarai’s name may not be as widely known as other Indian warriors, but his impact on Assam’s history is undeniable. His courage, intelligence, and leadership made the Koch dynasty a formidable power in Northeast India. His legacy continues to inspire generations, reminding us of the strength and heroism of Assam’s great warriors.
Neha Baruah
Madhurjya
