MadhurjyaEarly Life and Struggles
Bishnu Prasad Rabha, born on January 31, 1909, in Dhaka, was a revolutionary artist, musician, writer, and freedom fighter who left a las ting impact on Assamese Culture. His artistic and political contributions earned him the title Kalaguru (Master of the Arts) among the people of Assam. From a young age, he showed an extraordinary talent in various forms of art and a deep commitment to social justice.
His journey was not just about music and art; it was also about fighting for the oppressed. Bishnu Rabha was actively involved in India’s struggle for independence. However, his vision of freedom was not limited to ending British rule. He fought against social injustices like capitalism, wage slavery, and poverty. His famous words, “I am fighting for a revolution from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom,” reflect his broader ideology.
A Revolutionary with a Cause
Bishnu Rabha was deeply influenced by left-wing ideologies and was closely associated with the Communist Party of India. His political beliefs led him to join the Revolutionary Communist Party of India (RCPI), where he actively participated in armed movements against British rule. Unlike many who sought power for personal gains, his fight was solely for the empowerment of the masses.
One of the most remarkable instances of his dedication was his decision to donate his 2,500-bigha ancestral estate to the peasants. He firmly believed in the principle of “Haal Jaar Maati Taar” (Those who cultivate the land should own it). Today, Tezpur University stands on the very land he donated, a testament to his selflessness.
Despite his sacrifices, he faced immense personal hardships. His wife, Kanaklata, passed away due to lack of medical treatment, as he had no money. Even in the face of such tragedies, he remained committed to his ideals, refusing to compromise.
Contributions to Assamese Theatre and Cinema
Bishnu Prasad Rabha was a key figure in Assamese theatre. His deep connection with Ban Theatre in Tezpur helped shape Assamese drama and performing arts. He was not only a playwright but also an exceptional actor and film director.
His influence extended to Assamese cinema as well. He acted in and contributed to several films, including Era Bator Sur and Siraj, where he worked as a music composer. His role as Syem in Pratidhwani remains one of his most memorable performances. Despite opportunities in Kolkata and Bombay, he never pursued commercial success, instead using his talent to educate and mobilize the masses.
A Master of Dance and Music
Bishnu Rabha’s artistic genius was not limited to acting. He was also an extraordinary dancer and musician. His Tandava dance performances were mesmerizing, earning him recognition from the legendary dancer Uday Shankar. The title Kalaguru was bestowed upon him by Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan in Varanasi after witnessing his stunning Tandava recital.
His music, now known as Bishnu Rabha Sangeet, remains an essential part of Assam’s cultural heritage. Songs like “Xurore Deulore” and “Bilote Halise” continue to be loved by generations. Even today, no Assamese cultural event is complete without the soulful melodies of Rabha Sangeet.
The First Anthropologist of Assam
Bishnu Rabha was not just an artist and a revolutionary; he was also a serious academician. He is considered Assam’s first anthropologist. His book Bano-Kobang is an invaluable study of Assam’s ethnic groups, based on extensive fieldwork. Unfortunately, much of his scholarly work was ignored during his lifetime, as most of his writings were published posthumously.
Other notable works by Bishnu Rabha include Mising Coneng, Sonpahi, Axomiya Kristir Samuh Abhash, and Atit Asom. These writings offer deep insights into Assamese culture and society.
A True People’s Leader
Bishnu Rabha was more than just a revolutionary and artist; he was a mass mobilizer. His speeches and lectures resonated deeply with the common people. He was a man of the soil, constantly moving from village to village, inspiring the rural masses. Only a few other stalwarts, such as Sankar Barua and Jyoti Prasad Agarwala, came close to his influence in this regard.
His political career also included a brief stint in parliamentary politics. In 1969, he was elected as an MLA from Tezpur, further proving his popularity among the people. However, his political involvement was never about personal power—it was always about empowering the common people.
Honoring His Legacy
Bishnu Prasad Rabha passed away on June 20, 1969, leaving behind an unmatched legacy in Assamese culture and politics. To honor his contributions, the Assam government celebrates Bishnu Rabha Divas every year on June 20.
Several initiatives have been taken to preserve his memory:
- Kalaguru Bishnu Rabha Bota: A prestigious award given by the Assam government for outstanding contributions to culture and music.
- Bishnu Rabha Smriti Udyan: A memorial park built on the banks of the Brahmaputra in Tezpur, near the Bhairabi temple. His son, Hemraj Rabha, played a crucial role in its development.
The Lasting Impact of Bishnu Rabha
Even decades after his passing, Bishnu Prasad Rabha continues to inspire generations. His revolutionary spirit, artistic brilliance, and commitment to social justice make him a unique figure in Indian history. Whether through Rabha Sangeet, his plays, or his political ideologies, his contributions remain deeply rooted in the cultural and social fabric of Assam.
His life teaches us that art is not just about entertainment—it is a powerful tool for change. Bishnu Rabha lived and breathed this philosophy, dedicating his entire existence to uplifting society. His story is a reminder that true greatness lies in selfless service and an unwavering commitment to justice.
FAQ’s:
Q 1. Who was Bishnu Prasad Rabha?
Bishnu Prasad Rabha was a legendary artist, musician, writer, and freedom fighter from Assam. He was known as “Kalaguru” for his immense contribution to Assamese culture, especially in the fields of music, dance, and literature.
Q 2. Why is Bishnu Prasad Rabha called Kalaguru?
He was called “Kalaguru,” which means “Master of Arts,” because of his exceptional skills in various art forms, including music, dance, drama, and painting. His talent and dedication to Assamese culture earned him this honorary title.
Q 3. What is Bishnu Rabha Sangeet?
Bishnu Rabha Sangeet refers to the collection of songs composed by Bishnu Prasad Rabha. His music was deeply connected to the struggles of the common people and reflected themes of patriotism, social justice, and cultural pride.
Q 4. What role did Bishnu Prasad Rabha play in India’s freedom movement?
He was actively involved in the struggle for India’s independence. Influenced by leftist ideologies, he fought not only against British rule but also for the rights of the poor and working class. He even donated his ancestral land to farmers as part of his commitment to social justice.
Q 5. What were Bishnu Prasad Rabha’s contributions to Assamese theatre and cinema?
He was deeply involved in Assamese theatre and films. He acted in and directed plays at the famous Ban Theatre in Tezpur. In cinema, he played key roles in movies like Era Bator Sur and composed music for Siraj. His influence in Assamese performing arts was remarkable.
Q 6. Which books were written by Bishnu Prasad Rabha?
He was a scholar and writer who authored several books on Assamese culture and history. Some of his well-known works include Bano-Kobang, Mising Coneng, Sonpahi, and Axomiya Kristir Samuh Abhash. His writings are considered valuable for understanding Assam’s cultural heritage.
Q 7. Why is Bishnu Rabha Divas celebrated?
Bishnu Rabha Divas is observed on June 20th every year to honor his contributions to Assamese culture, music, literature, and social reforms. People across Assam celebrate this day with cultural programs, musical performances, and discussions on his legacy.
Q 8. What was his connection with Tezpur University?
The land on which Tezpur University stands today was once owned by Bishnu Prasad Rabha. He donated this land to the people, following his belief that land should belong to those who cultivate it. His generosity is remembered as a symbol of his dedication to social equality.
Q 9. How did Bishnu Prasad Rabha influence Assamese dance and performing arts?
He was an expert in classical dance forms and was especially known for performing the Tandava dance. Even renowned dancer Uday Shankar was impressed by his skills. His artistic influence played a crucial role in shaping modern Assamese performing arts.
Q 10. What is the Bishnu Rabha Award?
The Bishnu Rabha Award is given by the Assam government to individuals who have made significant contributions to Assamese art, music, and literature. This award keeps his legacy alive by recognizing talented artists who continue his work in enriching Assamese culture.
Neha Baruah
Madhurjya
