Asik SyedISRO recently reached a major milestone in space propulsion with the successful hot test of its Semicryogenic engine. This engine is a key component of the Semicryogenic booster stage for the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3), delivering an impressive thrust of 2,000 kN. The test, conducted at the ISRO Propulsion Complex in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu, validated essential subsystems and marked a crucial step in advancing India’s space capabilities.
What is a Semicryogenic Engine?
A Semicryogenic engine operates on Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and Kerosene as propellants. These fuels are non-toxic and non-hazardous, offering superior performance compared to the current L110 liquid stage. The newly developed SE2000 engine is designed to enhance LVM3’s payload capacity, increasing it from 4 tonnes to 5 tonnes in the Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
Key Achievements of the Hot Test
On March 28, 2025, ISRO successfully conducted a hot test of the engine, running it for 2.5 seconds. The test verified the integrated performance of several subsystems, including the pre-burner and turbo pumps. The engine performed as expected, paving the way for further testing and development.
Subsystems of the SE2000 Engine
The SE2000 engine consists of several critical subsystems:
- Thrust Chamber – The core component responsible for generating thrust.
- Pre-Burner – Assists in igniting and stabilizing combustion.
- Turbo Pump System – Ensures efficient fuel and oxidizer flow.
- Control Components – Regulate engine operations.
- Start-Up System – Facilitates reliable ignition and performance.
Each of these subsystems underwent rigorous testing before being integrated into the Power Head Test Article (PHTA).
Testing Facility and Future Plans
ISRO inaugurated the Semicryogenic Integrated Engine Test Facility (SIET) at the Propulsion Research Complex in February 2024. This facility plays a vital role in testing and qualifying the engine and its booster stage. Future tests on the PHTA will focus on assessing the propellant feed system, including turbo-pumps and the pre-burner.
Challenges in Development
Developing a high-thrust Semicryogenic engine presents significant challenges:
- Only a few countries possess this technology due to its complexity.
- Engine hardware must withstand extreme temperatures and oxidizer-rich combustion conditions.
- Close collaboration with Indian industries has been crucial in overcoming these technological hurdles.
Significance of This Advancement
The development of the Semicryogenic engine marks a significant leap in India’s space capabilities. By enabling ISRO to launch heavier payloads, it opens doors for more ambitious missions and strengthens India’s position in the global space industry.
This breakthrough reinforces India’s commitment to innovation in space technology, bringing the nation closer to achieving greater milestones in space exploration.
Neha Baruah
Asik Syed
