Explore the Stunning Bordoibam Beelmukh Wildlife Sanctuary

Introduction

Nestled in the serene landscapes of Assam, Bordoibam Beelmukh Wildlife Sanctuary is an essential ecological site spanning across Dhemaji and Lakhimpur districts. Covering 11.25 square kilometers, this sanctuary was officially declared a protected area in 1996, primarily for the conservation of avian species. It plays a crucial role as a breeding ground for the large Whistling Teal and is home to an impressive diversity of wildlife, including migratory birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.

This wetland sanctuary was shaped by the catastrophic earthquake of 1950, which altered the course of the Subansiri River, leading to the formation of Bordoibam. Today, it stands as one of the most important bird habitats in Assam, offering a safe refuge for several rare and endangered species.

A Unique Bird Sanctuary in Assam

What sets Bordoibam Beelmukh Wildlife Sanctuary apart is its designation as Assam’s third wildlife sanctuary dedicated primarily to bird conservation. Unlike other sanctuaries that focus on large mammals, this place prioritizes the protection of avian life, making it an ideal spot for ornithologists, researchers, and nature enthusiasts who seek to study and observe bird species in their natural habitat.

Diverse Avian Population

Bordoibam Beelmukh Wildlife Sanctuary boasts an impressive count of approximately 181 bird species, with many migratory birds visiting during the winter months. Among them are rare and commonly seen species such as:

• Spot-billed Pelican
• Little Grebe
• Large and Little Cormorants
• Grey Heron, Night Heron, and Purple Heron
• Greater and Lesser Adjutant Storks
• Indian Shag and Darter
• Cotton Teal and Brahminy Duck
• Swamp Partridge and Purple Moorhen
• Indian River Tern and Wagtails
• Drongos, Bulbuls, and Indian Rollers

These species contribute to the ecological balance of the wetland ecosystem, showcasing the region’s rich biodiversity.

Home to a Variety of Wildlife

Although primarily known for its birds, Bordoibam Beelmukh Wildlife Sanctuary is also home to several other animal species. There are 11 species of mammals, including small herbivores and predators that thrive in the wetland and grassland ecosystems. Additionally, the sanctuary shelters:

• 16 species of reptiles such as turtles, lizards, and non-venomous snakes
• 8 species of amphibians including frogs and toads
• 42 species of fish, which play a crucial role in maintaining the sanctuary’s aquatic balance

These diverse species make the sanctuary an essential part of the region’s ecosystem, supporting both resident and migratory wildlife.

A Wetland Ecosystem Shaped by Nature

The landscape of Bordoibam Beelmukh Wildlife Sanctuary is dominated by a vast wetland area rich in aquatic vegetation. The plant life here is crucial for maintaining the wetland’s biodiversity. The dominant flora includes:

• Floating aquatic plants such as water lilies and duckweed
• Semi-aquatic flora that thrives along the edges of the water bodies
• Climbers and trees that typically grow near wetlands and provide shelter for birds and other wildlife

This combination of flora supports a thriving ecosystem where birds, fish, and reptiles coexist in harmony.

Climatic Conditions and Rainfall

The sanctuary experiences significant variations in temperature throughout the year. The maximum temperature can reach up to 35°C, while the minimum can drop to 11°C. It receives an annual rainfall of 3000-3500 mm, with a relative humidity level of around 93%. These conditions create an ideal environment for wetland species and contribute to the area’s lush greenery and thriving biodiversity.

A Natural Birdwatching Paradise

One of the most fascinating aspects of Bordoibam Beelmukh Wildlife Sanctuary is the ease with which visitors can observe birds in their natural surroundings. Many species can be seen up close, making it a paradise for birdwatchers and wildlife photographers. The presence of migratory birds during winter adds to its charm, as these birds travel thousands of kilometers to find refuge in Assam’s favorable climatic conditions.

Why Bordoibam Beelmukh Wildlife Sanctuary is Important

The significance of this sanctuary extends beyond its role as a bird habitat. It serves multiple ecological functions:

• Preserving biodiversity by protecting endangered bird species
• Acting as a breeding ground for migratory and resident birds
• Maintaining wetland health by supporting aquatic life and plant species
• Providing a research site for environmentalists and biologists studying wetland ecosystems

With continued conservation efforts, Bordoibam Beelmukh Wildlife Sanctuary remains a critical site for wildlife protection and ecological research in Assam.

Best Time to Visit for Birdwatching

The best time to explore the sanctuary is between November and March, when the climate is pleasant, and migratory birds can be seen in large numbers. During these months, the wetland becomes a lively hub of avian activity, making it the most rewarding time for birdwatching and nature observation.

Conclusion

Bordoibam Beelmukh Wildlife Sanctuary is more than just a wetland; it is a thriving ecological treasure that supports a rich variety of birdlife and wildlife species. Its history, shaped by natural events, and its significance in bird conservation make it a unique and valuable sanctuary in Assam.

For students and wildlife enthusiasts, this place serves as an excellent case study of how nature adapts to change and how conservation efforts can protect delicate ecosystems. With its stunning biodiversity, diverse wildlife, and crucial role in ecological balance, this sanctuary remains one of Assam’s most important natural assets.

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