MadhurjyaThe Historical Legacy of Charaideo
Charaideo Maidams, often referred to as the ‘Pyramids of Assam,’ holds deep historical and cultural significance. It was the first capital of the Ahom dynasty, founded by Chaolung Sukhapa in 1229 CE. Located at the foothills of Nagaland, about 30 km from the town of Sivasagar, this site has remained a vital part of Assam’s history. While the Ahom kingdom shifted its capital multiple times, Charaideo continued to be the sacred center of power and spirituality.
The Royal Burial Grounds of the Ahom Dynasty
Charaideo is renowned for its Maidams, which serve as the final resting places of Ahom kings and queens. These burial mounds are often compared to the pyramids of Egypt due to their unique architectural style and the grandeur they exhibit. There are around 150 Maidams in this area, but only 30 of them are currently protected by the Archaeological Survey of India and the Assam State Archaeology Department. The remaining structures face threats from encroachment and neglect.
Meaning Behind the Name ‘Charaideo’
The name ‘Charaideo’ has its origins in the Tai-Ahom language. It translates to ‘A Prominent City on the Hilltop’ where ‘Che’ means city, ‘Rai’ means prominent, and ‘Doi’ refers to a hill. Earlier, it was known as ‘Bihagadripahar’ under the Borahi rulers before the Ahoms established their capital here.
The Architectural Marvel of the Maidams
The Maidams of Charaideo are not just burial sites but intricate works of architecture. Each structure consists of an underground vault with one or more chambers, a domed superstructure, and an earthen mound covering the entire construction. Externally, they appear as hemispherical mounds. Some Maidams also feature an octagonal boundary wall, enclosing the entire structure. A small open pavilion called ‘Chow-Chali’ is placed at the top, adding to the distinctive design. The Ahoms believed in burying their deceased royals with their valuables, attendants, and even pet animals, signifying their afterlife beliefs.
The Religious and Cultural Significance
Charaideo is not just a historical site but also a sacred place for the Ahom community. It continues to be a place of worship and reverence, often referred to as the ‘Jerusalem of the East.’ The site is believed to be associated with Lord Shiva, known locally as ‘Lankuri.’ The strong spiritual connection has kept the legacy of this place alive for centuries.
The Threats to Charaideo’s Heritage
Despite its historical importance, Charaideo faces multiple threats, including illegal encroachments, natural erosion, and lack of proper maintenance. Many Maidams have been damaged due to unauthorized excavations, and even government-led excavations have led to significant destruction. The site has been looted in the past, with the British being notorious for plundering its treasures, including the famous Bali Maidam, which was obstructed by layers of sand.
The Call for UNESCO Recognition
Given its immense historical and cultural significance, there have been demands for Charaideo to be included in the UNESCO World Heritage list. Recognizing this site internationally could help in its preservation and attract more attention to its conservation needs. The government and heritage activists continue to push for better protection measures to safeguard this invaluable piece of Assam’s history.
The Mystery and Importance of Charaideo Today
Charaideo remains an essential historical landmark that tells the story of Assam’s glorious past. It stands as a testament to the architectural brilliance and the spiritual beliefs of the Ahom dynasty. With increasing awareness and preservation efforts, this ancient site has the potential to regain its former glory and secure its rightful place in world history.
Conclusion
Charaideo Maidams are a unique and invaluable part of Assam’s heritage, showcasing the rich history and architectural excellence of the Ahom dynasty. Despite facing threats from neglect and encroachment, efforts to preserve and recognize the site continue. If given the necessary attention and protection, Charaideo can become one of the most celebrated historical sites in India, reminding future generations of its deep-rooted cultural and historical significance.
FAQ’s:
What is Charaideo Maidams, and why is it important?
Charaideo Maidams is an ancient burial site of the Ahom dynasty in Assam. It is often called the “Pyramids of Assam” because of its unique architecture. It holds great historical, cultural, and religious significance as it contains the tombs of Ahom kings and queens.
When was Charaideo Maidams included in the UNESCO World Heritage list?
Charaideo Maidams was officially included in the UNESCO World Heritage list in July 2024. This recognition helps in preserving the site and highlights its historical importance on a global level.
How many Maidams are there in Charaideo?
There are around 150 Maidams in Charaideo, but only 30 are currently protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and the Assam State Archaeology Department. The rest are at risk due to encroachment and lack of proper conservation.
Who built Charaideo Maidams?
Charaideo was founded by Chaolung Sukhapa, the first king of the Ahom dynasty, in 1229 CE. The Maidams were later built as royal burial grounds for Ahom rulers, following their unique burial traditions.
Why are Charaideo Maidams compared to the Pyramids of Egypt?
Charaideo Maidams are compared to the Pyramids of Egypt because both serve as burial sites for royal families and feature impressive architectural designs. Like the Egyptian pyramids, these structures contain underground chambers and burial vaults.
What kind of architecture do Charaideo Maidams have?
The Maidams consist of an underground vault with chambers, a domed structure, and an earthen mound on top. Some also have an octagonal boundary wall and a small open pavilion, showcasing the Ahom dynasty’s advanced construction skills.
What challenges does Charaideo Maidams face today?
The site faces threats from illegal encroachments, natural erosion, and unauthorized excavations. Many Maidams have been damaged due to neglect, and the need for better preservation efforts is urgent.
Is Charaideo Maidams open for tourists?
Yes, Charaideo Maidams is open to visitors. However, due to its historical importance, conservation rules must be followed to protect the site from damage.
What religious significance does Charaideo hold?
Charaideo is considered a sacred place for the Ahom community. It is also believed to be associated with Lord Shiva, known locally as “Lankuri,” and continues to be a place of worship.
How will UNESCO recognition help Charaideo Maidams?
With UNESCO recognition, Charaideo Maidams will receive global attention, leading to better conservation efforts, increased tourism, and government support for its preservation. This will help protect the site from further damage and ensure its historical legacy remains intact.
Neha Baruah
Madhurjya
