Orang National Park: A Hidden Gem of Assam

Introduction

Orang National Park, often called the “Mini Kaziranga,” is one of Assam’s most fascinating wildlife reserves. Spanning 78.81 square kilometers, this National Park is located on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River in the Darrang and Sonitpur districts. It was originally declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1985 and later designated as a national park on April 13, 1999. Known for its rich biodiversity and pristine landscapes, this park is home to the famous Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros, along with a variety of other rare and endangered species.

The Landscape and Ecosystem

The landscape of this national park resembles the world-famous Kaziranga National Park, with a mix of marshes, streams, and grasslands. The park’s terrain consists of swampy areas interspersed with tall grasses and scattered woodlands, making it an ideal habitat for a diverse range of wildlife. The presence of the Brahmaputra River enhances the ecosystem, providing water sources for both animals and migratory birds.

Wildlife of Orang National Park

The Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros

One of the key attractions of the park is the Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros. With a population of around 68 (as per the last census), this species is one of the major reasons why conservation efforts in the park have been strengthened. Orang provides a safe haven for these magnificent creatures, allowing them to thrive in their natural habitat.

The Royal Bengal Tiger

The national park is also home to the Royal Bengal Tiger. Listed as an endangered species on the IUCN Red List, the tiger population in Orang was estimated to be around 19 in the early 2000s. The dense grasslands and water bodies make it an ideal environment for these majestic predators to hunt and survive.

Other Mammals and Reptiles

Apart from rhinos and tigers, the park shelters a wide variety of mammals, including:

• Asiatic Elephants
• Pygmy Hogs (critically endangered)
• Hog Deer
• Wild Boars
• Rhesus Macaque
• Leopard Cats
• Otters
• Indian Pangolins

The park is also known for its reptilian species, including the Indian Rock Python, King Cobra, Black Krait, and several varieties of turtles and tortoises.

Birdlife: A Paradise for Ornithologists

Orang National Park is home to more than 220 species of birds, making it a hotspot for bird watchers. Some of the notable species include:

• Spot-Billed Pelican
• Great White Pelican
• Black-Necked Stork
• Greater Adjutant Stork
• Lesser Adjutant Stork
• Ruddy Shelduck
• Brahminy Duck
• Pintail Duck
• Hornbills
• Pallas’s Fishing Eagle

The park is also known for its population of the endangered Bengal Florican, which has a recorded population of 30-40 individuals, making it one of the best places in India to spot this rare species.

Aquatic Life in Orang National Park

The park’s wetlands and river channels support a variety of fish species, with more than 50 species recorded. The presence of the Blind Gangetic Dolphin in the Brahmaputra River is an important indicator of the health of the aquatic ecosystem.

Unique Features That Make Orang National Park Special

The Only Protected Habitat for Pygmy Hogs

One of the most significant aspects of this national park is that it serves as one of the last remaining habitats for the critically endangered Pygmy Hog. Conservation programs have been implemented to protect this species, and the park has played a crucial role in their survival.

A Lesser-Known Yet Equally Important Tiger Reserve

While Kaziranga and Manas National Parks often steal the spotlight, Orang is a hidden gem when it comes to tiger conservation. It is an essential part of the larger Tiger Conservation Landscape in Assam, providing a secure habitat for the big cats.

High Density of Rhinoceroses

Compared to its size, this national park has one of the highest densities of rhinoceroses in Assam. This makes it one of the best places to observe these animals in their natural environment without the heavy tourist footfall seen in Kaziranga.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to explore the rich biodiversity of Orang National Park is between October and April. During this period, the weather is pleasant, and the chances of spotting wildlife are higher. The dry season also makes accessibility easier, as the roads leading to the park remain in good condition.

Conclusion

Orang National Park may not be as widely recognized as some of the bigger national parks in India, but it holds immense ecological and conservation value. From its population of the Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros to the endangered Bengal Florican and Pygmy Hog, this park is a testament to India’s commitment to preserving its wildlife. Whether you are a wildlife enthusiast, a researcher, or someone curious about nature, this national park offers a glimpse into the remarkable biodiversity of Assam.

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