Jonbeel Mela | What Is Jonbeel Mela?

Introduction

Jonbeel Mela, also known as Chunbîl Melâ in the Tiwa language, is a vibrant three-day fair held near the historic Dayang Belguri at Joonbeel. It is situated just 3 km from Jagiroad in the Morigaon district of Assam, approximately 65 km from Guwahati. The fair has a rich history dating back to at least the 15th century AD. Initially organized by the Tiwa (Lalung) community to discuss political matters, it evolved into a celebration of culture, trade, and harmony.

1. Location: Jonbeel Mela takes place near Dayang Belguri, just 3 km from Jagiroad in the Morigaon district of Assam.

2. Historical Roots: The fair’s origins trace back to the 15th century AD, when it served as a platform for political discussions among indigenous communities. Over time, it transformed into a vibrant celebration of Assamese culture and tradition.

The Barter System: A Hi-Tech Exchange

Jonbeel Mela, also known as Chunbîl Melâ, is a vibrant three-day fair held near the historic Dayang Belguri at Joonbeel. It is situated just 3 km from Jagiroad in the Morigaon district of Assam. The fair has a rich history dating back to at least the 15th century AD. Initially organized by the Tiwa (Lalung) community to discuss political matters, it evolved into a celebration of culture, trade, and harmony.

How the Barter System Works:

• Barter Bazaar: Days before the fair begins, indigenous tribal communities from Assam Hills and neighboring regions (such as Hills Tiwa, Karbi, Khasi, and Jayantia) descend from the hills. They bring their unique products and engage in a lively exchange with the local Assamese people. This barter system is a blend of tradition and practicality, making Jonbeel Mela perhaps the only fair in India where bartering still thrives.

Rituals and Themes at Jonbeel Mela

1. Agni Puja (Fire Worship):
   • Before the festivities kick off, an Agni Puja takes place. This ritual symbolizes well-being and prosperity for all attendees.
   • The sacred fire represents purity and unity, setting the tone for the entire event.
2. Community Fishing:
   • The mela begins with community fishing in the crescent-shaped Chunbîl wetland.
   • This activity fosters a sense of unity and shared purpose among the diverse communities.
   • Participants engage in traditional fishing techniques, reinforcing their connection to nature and each other.
3. Harmony and Brotherhood:
   • The overarching theme of Jonbeel Mela revolves around fostering harmony and brotherhood.
   • Indigenous Assamese communities and tribes scattered across Northeast India come together.
   • Traditional dances, music, and cultural performances create an atmosphere of joy and celebration.
   • The fair serves as a bridge between the past and the present, emphasizing cultural continuity.

Gobha King and Royal Allowance

Gobha King:

• The Gobha King (also known as Kobâ rajâ or Gobha raja) is a central figure in the Jonbeel Mela tradition. Here are the key points:
  • Role: The Gobha King plays a significant role during the mela. He represents the indigenous Tiwa community and acts as a symbolic leader.
  • Tax Collection: The Gobha King collects taxes from his subjects during the fair. This tax collection is part of the ancient customs and rituals associated with the mela.
  • Ceremonial Presence: His presence adds a touch of regality to the event, emphasizing the historical and cultural significance of Jonbeel Mela.

Royal Allowance:

• The Royal Allowance is a more recent development related to the Gobha King. Here’s what you need to know:
  • Introduction: In 2009, the Assam government introduced an annual allowance specifically for the 19 customary kings under the Gobha Kingdom.
  • Purpose: The allowance aims to recognize and support the traditional leaders who continue to uphold cultural heritage and community cohesion.
  • Coverage: It covers parts of Morigaon, Nagaon, and Kamrup districts, where the Gobha Kingdom’s influence extends.

Jonbeel Mela stands as a remarkable testament to the rich cultural heritage and enduring traditions of Assam. This unique fair, with its roots stretching back several centuries, showcases the vitality of the barter system, offering a living example of an ancient economic practice. The mela is more than just a marketplace; it is a vibrant celebration of community, unity, and cultural exchange among various tribes and communities in Northeast India.

Conclusion

Participants not only engage in trade but also partake in traditional rituals, folk dances, and communal feasts, underscoring the fair’s role in preserving indigenous customs and fostering social cohesion. The annual gathering at Jonbeel Mela is a poignant reminder of the resilience of traditional practices in the face of modernity, illustrating how cultural heritage can be a source of identity and continuity for future generations. Through this festival, the people of Assam continue to honor their past while embracing the present, ensuring that the rich tapestry of their cultural legacy remains vibrant and relevant.

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