Human Rights Watch has accused Israel of using white phosphorus munitions over residential areas in southern Lebanon during recent military operations.

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The HRW White Phosphorus Lebanon allegation comes as tensions escalate along the Israel–Lebanon border following clashes involving Hezbollah.

According to HRW, the use of white phosphorus in populated areas poses serious risks to civilians and could violate international humanitarian law.

HRW Report on Incident in Yohmor

The New York-based rights organization reported that Israeli forces fired artillery shells containing white phosphorus over the town of Yohmor on March 3, 2026. HRW said it verified and geolocated several images that appeared to show airburst white phosphorus munitions exploding above residential areas.

The images also reportedly showed civil defence workers attempting to control fires in houses and vehicles across the town. These incidents suggested that the blasts caused damage to civilian property and increased risks for residents living in the area.

What Is White Phosphorus?

White phosphorus is a chemical substance that ignites immediately when it comes into contact with oxygen. Military forces often use it to create smoke screens, illuminate battlefields, or mark targets during combat operations.

However, when used as an incendiary weapon, white phosphorus can cause extremely severe burns and may lead to respiratory problems, organ failure, or death. Because the substance burns intensely and spreads quickly, its use in populated areas is highly controversial.

Although the Chemical Weapons Convention does not classify white phosphorus as a chemical weapon, international humanitarian law places strict limits on the use of incendiary weapons in civilian environments.

Rising Tensions Along the Israel–Lebanon Border

The allegations come during a period of escalating conflict along the border between Israel and Lebanon. Israeli forces have carried out multiple air strikes and military operations targeting positions linked to Hezbollah in southern Lebanon.

Lebanese authorities report that hundreds of people have been killed during the recent strikes. In addition, more than half a million residents have reportedly been displaced as violence continues to spread across border regions. The Litani River remains an important geographical reference line in the long-standing security arrangements between the two countries.

HRW White Phosphorus Lebanon Investigation Call

Human Rights Watch has called on Israel to immediately stop using white phosphorus in residential areas. The organisation also urged countries supplying weapons to Israel to review their military assistance policies.

Meanwhile, Lebanese officials have raised concerns about the environmental and humanitarian damage caused by the attacks. The accusations have increased international scrutiny of the ongoing conflict and its impact on civilian populations in southern Lebanon.

As tensions continue, human rights groups and global observers are urging a thorough investigation into the reported use of white phosphorus and greater efforts to protect civilians caught in the cross-border violence.